The design changes triggered thousands of complex biological and sequential two cells become attached to a member of the next generation of human beings. The speed with which the structures and functions are developed in the mother and fetus, and energy and nutrient needs increase, make the maternal nutritional status is a key element of successful reproduction.
According to the World Health Organization, pregnancy is a period of great
Ms. Carla Piastri Nutrition
Ms. Carla Piastri Nutrition
vulnerability from the point of view of health and nutrition, it largely determines the welfare of women, the fetus and children of the unborn child.
Feeding during this period should cover the increased energy requirements according to each quarter. Separation by quarters is that in each of these periods, the child's development will cause a variation in the nutrient and energy needs which may be filled only through the mother.
The Ministry of Health disclosed calories increases standards for pregnant women. However, it should be noted that such an increase in calories is linked directly to the previous nutritional status of the mother. Underweight women need an extra supply of energy, while overweight women need a smaller increase in energy.
It is also known weight a woman should gain during the 9 months: underweight women: 12.5 to 18 kg, normal weight women: 11.5 to 16 kg overweight: 7 to 11.5 is obese and if the increase should be 6-7 kg (ref: WHO). If you divide this gain in nine months, gives results in weight gain per month of the mother. However, this increase does not occur in an equivalent manner each month, but occurs in stages according to infant development and other related factors. Found a greater increase in the second and third quarter than in the first, for this reason are recorded frequently, for example, gains of 2-2.5 kg / month during such periods. This clarification does not justify the excessive weight gain during these quarters, nor the weight loss through restrictive diets!
The increase in body weight can cause exaggerated that complications during pregnancy, during delivery and in later life to the mother, as problems in the child, either in development for 9 months and in later life. Studies show that poor nutrition of the mother during pregnancy makes the child more likely to have diseases such as obesity and cardiovascular disease in adulthood.
Pregnant women should follow a healthy diet consistent with dietary guidelines for the Uruguayan population. But there are 4 nutrients that we call critical, as the need increases during this period and should be additionally provided, either by eating some extra food and a medicine.
These nutrients are folic acid, iron, calcium and essential fatty acids.
Folic acid is a vitamin essential for the development of the fetal central nervous system. To fulfill this function must be met by supplementation, 3 months before conception and during the first trimester of pregnancy.
Another nutrient that must be covered by drug supplement is iron, the mineral needs are doubled during pregnancy and is virtually impossible to cover them with dietary measures, so that supplementation should last throughout the pregnancy and the first 6 months of lactation ( MSP). It is necessary for the formation of the fetus, placenta formation, the expansion of red blood cells, preparation for blood loss during labor and to prevent anemia in pregnant women.
Calcium is a mineral essential for formation of the skeleton of the fetus, so that the needs are increased, mainly during the third quarter. At this stage when a significant transfer of maternal calcium to the fetus, which if not obtained from the diet, is mobilized from maternal bone, which may have a negative effect later in life of women.
For calcium assimilation of food is necessary vitamin D, which can be obtained from food or through sun exposure.
It is also necessary to include essential fatty acids of the family "omega 6" and "omega 3", found in vegetable oils and in foods like fish. These fatty acids are important for the proper functioning of the uteroplacental system, developing nervous system and retina of the fetus during pregnancy and child during breastfeeding.
Pregnancy is a time to reflect on the lifestyle and to become aware of how habits affect the health of women and their future children. It is time to start thinking about care, rest, improved lifestyle, walking and eating better.
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